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Tiger is a large felid species native to much of Asia. It is the largest living cat species and a member of the genus Panthera. The tiger is characterized by its coat of reddish-orange fur with dark vertical stripes, and white underparts. It is an apex predator, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and wild boar, and occasionally preying on smaller prey such as monkeys, birds and fish. Tigers are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements. This, coupled with the fact that they are classified as endangered, has resulted in the tiger being one of the world's most celebrated wild animals.

The tiger's historical range extends from the Caucasus and Ural Mountains in the west to the Sea of Okhotsk in the east. Today, tigers are primarily found in the eastern Himalayas and the adjacent countries of Russia, China, and Southeast Asia. The remaining six tiger subspecies have been classified as endangered or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Poaching for fur and body parts used in traditional Chinese medicine, habitat destruction, and depletion of the tiger's prey base have contributed to their decline.

Tiger conservation efforts commenced in the 1970s, and populations of tigers have since increased in certain areas of their historical range. However, the tiger remains threatened by human activities, and its future is uncertain. At the start of the 20th century, there were as many as 100,000 tigers in the wild. The global wild tiger population was estimated to be only around 3,900 as of 2016. This decline is largely due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation efforts, such as the establishment of protected areas and legislation, as well as the efforts of devoted individuals, zoos, and organizations, have helped to slow the decline.

The tiger is a charismatic and culturally significant animal in many Asian countries and regions. In addition to its importance in traditional Chinese medicine, the tiger is revered in Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and other Asian belief systems. Tigers are featured prominently in the art, literature, folklore, and symbolic representation of many Asian cultures. The tiger is also the national animal of several Asian countries, including India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and South Korea.

Conservation efforts for the tiger have been a major focus for many international organizations, including the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and various national wildlife agencies. These efforts have aimed to protect the tiger's habitat, combat poaching, and promote sustainable development in areas where tigers live. The most recent global assessment of tiger populations, conducted in 2016, found that the overall tiger population had increased for the first time in a century, thanks to intensive conservation efforts.

Despite these efforts, the tiger remains one of the most threatened large cats in the world. Habitat loss, poaching, and conflict with human populations continue to pose significant challenges to tiger conservation. Ongoing efforts to protect the tiger and its habitat are crucial to ensuring the long-term survival of this iconic species.

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